Fenian movement was a secret Irish organization created by John O'Mahony in 1858.
Fenians were members of the so-called Fenian movement in Ireland and elsewhere, though primarily America and England . The Fenians wanted one simple desire - to secure Irish independence from Britain. During the middle of the 19th Century, a series of factors combined to create a new Irish patriotic movement. This organization was a revolutionary group dedicated to the overthrow of British rule in Ireland. This movement had its roots in both the United States and Ireland and was called Fenian in honour of the Fianna, the ancient Irish warriors.
The movement adopted the pledge-bound format of the secret societies, adding a cellular structure with a Supreme Council and a Head Centre.
The Fenians - Irish secret society
nedjelja, 7. ožujka 2010.Black Hand (unification or death)
The Black Hand (officially unification or death) is a serbian secret and conspiratorial terrorist organization whose aim is unification of all parts where Serbs live in one country (Serbia).
Kingdom of Serbia continues to strengthen the organization and unification of death, known as the Black Hand, especially popular in the (high) military circles and people who have directly led to power Petar Karađorđević. Unification or death occurs 1911th in the circle of people who have led the government of Yugoslavia, and they felt called to continue to make decisions in critical situations in the country. The leader of the organization was most likely Dragutin Dimitrijević - Apis
Initiation of the members was maximum possible secret and mystic, and the organization received the people of other nationalities as well.
Also, Gavrilo Princip, a member of another organization called "Young Bosnia", supported by the "Black Hand", killed on 28 June 1914th in Sarajevo, Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand and gave the reason for the World War I.
Terrorist organization Black Hand exists to this day.
The Carbonari (charcoal burners)
The Carbonari (charcoal burners) was a secret brotherhood created for the purpose of overthrowing the Italian government.
They were bearers of freedom and unity movement. Flourished 1796 in Italy, this groups were very similar to Freemasonry. The name refers to the black gowns, masks and hats, carrying the letter K on them. Like other secret societies of the age, the Carbonari had an initiation ceremony, complex symbols, and a hierarchical organization. 
Its members were scattered across Italy, they had liberal and patriotic ideas and wanted to create a liberal, unified Italian, lower-class Uprising. The Carbonari were led by students from universities along with other Intellectuals. Also included in their program was an anti-Clerical movement. The Carbonari believed that Priests should not have exclusive power in the church system. They were responsible for many uprisings in Spain and in Italy. They inspired many other revolutionary societies to rise up and rebel.
They were gradually absorbed into the Young Italy movement and their influence prepared the way for the Risorgimento movement, which resulted in Italian unification in 1861.
